Tehran University President Denies Expulsion Of Critics
The president of Tehran University, Mohammad Moghimi, has denied expelling dissident professors and students amid a nationwide crackdown on academia.
The president of Tehran University, Mohammad Moghimi, has denied expelling dissident professors and students amid a nationwide crackdown on academia.
"We have never had an inappropriate approach to dealing with professors and university students at Tehran University, and no punitive action has been taken against any of the students, staff, and professors who are political and social critics in relation to their activities."
Responding to allegations of mass expulsions for academics participating in protests or showing support for the Women, Life, Freedom uprising, Moghimi said, "Expulsion has its own specific meaning. When the claim of expelling a professor is mentioned, it means terminating the contract of a professor with Tehran University for various reasons and unilaterally, which has not happened at Tehran University in the past 2.5 years."
However, recent reports suggest a contrasting narrative regarding academic freedom in Iran. In August, Etemad, a prominent reformist daily, published a list documenting the dismissal, forced retirement, or banning from teaching of 157 tenured professors between 2006 and August 2023. The purge reportedly extended to non-tenured lecturers, who were allegedly replaced by individuals aligned with the government's ideological stance.
The trend of academic purges purportedly intensified under successive administrations, including that of President Ebrahim Raisi, who initiated a "purification" campaign upon assuming office. Numerous professors, known for their secular views or dissenting opinions, faced disciplinary actions such as early retirement, contract non-renewal, and salary reductions.
The situation escalated following widespread protests sparked by the death of Mahsa Amini in morality police custody in September, with many academics expressing solidarity with the demonstrators. In response, the Raisi administration intensified crackdown measures, including summoning, detaining, and suspending professors.
"I’ve been asking for 8 months for information regarding the suspension of Special Envoy Robert Malley’s security clearance,” Senator Jim Risch (R-ID), ranking member of the Foreign Relations Committee, stated during the hearing.
President Biden’s special envoy on Iran, Robert Malley, was placed under administrative leave in 2023 and is currently under investigation by the FBI for possible “mishandling of classified documents.”
Since then, several Republican members of Congress have tried to obtain information on the circumstances of his suspension – and the reasons his security clearance was suspended.
“The department’s defiance left me no choice but to hold this nomination until the [Department of] State responded,” Risch said.
Margaret Taylor's nomination as Legal Advisor for the Department of State by the Biden administration appeared unrelated to Robert Malley's case – though the confirmation hearing itself provided Senate Republicans with a chance to pressure the Department.
“I’m going to continue to hold her,” Risch said. “She’s the highest ranking and the one State Department wants the most to be confirmed. And I’m going to continue to do that until the State Department gives us some basic information that we really want.”
It’s still unclear why the State Department is refusing to divulge the information that the US lawmakers seek, even in a classified setting. The refusal has raised suspicions among many that there may be serious wrongdoing with repercussions beyond Malley himself.
“Certainly, it’s classified information,” Senator Risch said. “But I’m the most senior member of the intelligence committee. I hear this stuff every day…We cannot do our oversight work without getting this information.”
Another Republican Senator, Pete Ricketts of Nebraska, recapped the story of Malley’s career and suspension, pointing out that it was through “press reports” - not the State Department - that Congress was informed of the envoy’s suspension.
“Malley wasn’t some low level official,” Ricketts said. “He was special envoy for Iran who played a critical role in this administration's Iran policy… In September a press report revealed that Iran had orchestrated an influence operation that involved Malley’s close associates. And yet we’ve not heard from SD on whether this revelation was related to Malley’s suspension and investigation.”
Last September, Iran International and Semafor obtained leaked emails from an Iranian foreign ministry official revealing the establishment of an influence network by the Iranian government to promote its agenda in the West. Known as the Iran Expert Initiative (IEI), this network consisted of at least four associates of Malley with Iranian backgrounds, who held a particular interest in Iran's nuclear program.
“We all listened to Mr. Malley for a long time,” Senator Risch said, “he told us things. We acted and formed beliefs based on those. And they won’t tell us why his clearance was suspended… This is not right... They act like we work for them instead of them working for us. And so until that happens I’m gonna continue to hold Ms. Taylor’s nomination.”
The Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee, Senator Ben Cardin, does have the authority to bring the nomination to the floor, where Democrats, holding a narrow majority, may have the opportunity to secure Taylor's approval.
“I cannot be a stronger proponent of her nomination,” Cardin said of Taylor. “I’m convinced that she is likely the most qualified individual ever nominated to be legal advisor.”
He also explained that the information sought by the Congress is not held by the State Department. “It’s the FBI that has that information.”
Senator Ricketts, instead suggested subpoenaing the State Department. He argued that if the department lacks records, it would corroborate their claim. However, if they have basic HR documents concerning Malley's suspension, it could provide crucial insights into the reasons behind it.
The State Department, Senator Ricketts added, “has chosen to hide behind the Privacy Act despite the law providing a clear exception for oversight committees.”
President Biden and his Secretary of State, Antony Blinken, have come under intense pressure over Robert Malley’s appointment, role and suspension. Many critics see the Malley case (and the IEI saga) as the clearest signs of the Biden administration’s “appeasement” towards Iran.
Notably, near the end of the session, Senator Ricketts asked Taylor’s legal opinion on the Privacy Act and the State Department’s recourse to it: “based on your legal understanding,” he said, “do you believe that the Privacy Act would prevent disclosure to this committee information pertaining to the suspension of Robert Malley’s security clearance?”
“I don’t believe the privacy act would have that effect,” responded Taylor.
Reformist lawmaker Mohammad-Sadegh Javadihesar strongly criticizes members of parliament for introducing the plan to deduct hijab fines only after the elections, labeling their behavior as "most heinous and despicable." He asserts that such decisions have the potential to "ignite chaos in society."
Javadihesar condemns the timing of the proposal when most people are angry because of runaway inflation, suggesting that it reflects a lack of rationality within the system. He warns that failure to address such actions may deepen the rift between the government and the people, increasing the likelihood of social unrest.
Drawing parallels, Javadihesar likens the lawmakers' proposed measure to the fuel price hikes in 2019, which triggered widespread protests across the country. He emphasizes that the government's harsh crackdown on protesters resulted in numerous casualties, highlighting the potential consequences of implementing similar controversial policies.
In November 2019, security forces killed at least 1,500 citizens after nationwide protests broke out when the government suddenly doubled the gasoline price.
“If there is still any rationality left in the system, it will deal with such behavior, otherwise, the conflict between the government and the nation will deepen and the possibility of certain social conflicts will not be small,” Javadihesar, spokesman of Etemad Melli Party, told Rouydad 24 news website on Monday.
Amir-Hossein Bankipour, a member of the Supreme Council of Cultural Revolution and re-elected lawmaker, said in an interview broadcast by the state-run television (IRIB) last week that a cash fine of 30 million rials (around $50) is to be deducted from the accounts of those who fail to observe the mandatory hijab.
Bankipour clarified that the deduction of funds would proceed without the account holders' consent, potentially resulting in overdrafts if insufficient funds are available. He noted that under the proposed legislation, repeat offenders would face legal action through the courts.
Negahdari echoed Bankipour's remarks on Sunday, affirming that the Parliament has opted to replace direct cash fines for moral policing incidents related to hijab. This decision aims to prevent social conflicts stemming from confrontations with morality police, which have led to the circulation of "disparaging images" in society.
Since March 2023, hardliners have attempted to end women's increasing defiance of compulsory hijab and reclaim lost ground through various instructions to government bodies, but their efforts seem to have hugely backfired as the number of women who refuse to abide by the current rules has very noticeably increased since the Woman, Life, Freedom protests of 2022-2023.
In a recent speech to a group of self-styled protectors of public morality, a top Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) commander, Aziz Jafari, told them the municipality of Tehran is to cooperate with them in resuming their operations at metro stations. “By expanding our activities, we want to put an end to the unveiling sedition,” he told the organized vigilantes.
Jafari delivered his speech a week after the elections of parliament and Assembly of Experts before and during which authorities had put the activities of organized vigilantes on hold, presumably not to anger potential voters who were already inclined to boycott the elections. Some officials even assured women that they could turn up at polling stations without fear of getting into trouble for hijab.
The proposed measure against hijab offenders is an amendment to a controversial bill, generally referred to as the “Hijab and chastity bill”, that the parliament approved in June 2023.
The constitutional watchdog, the Guardian Council, however, rejected the bill in October and sent it back to parliament for amendment and removal of verbal ambiguities.
Experts said at the time, that rejection of the bill was mainly for formal issues and had nothing to do with people’s objection to its provisions.
Hardliners in the parliament are confident that the bill will be endorsed by the Council soon and can be implemented by early April.
With the ongoing war in Gaza and continued attacks by the Iran-backed Houthis in the Red Sea, the deadline could not come at a worse moment for the administration.
Last year, the US extended the sanctions waiver by four months, allowing Iraq to continue purchasing electricity from Iran.
Additionally, the waiver granted Iran limited access to approximately $10 billion in Iraqi payments held in escrow accounts, ostensibly for purchasing "humanitarian goods" without facing US sanctions.
However, both Republicans and Democrats swiftly challenged this decision, contending that the fungibility of money would effectively empower the Tehran regime to divert these funds towards arming its proxies, despite the humanitarian guise.
As of today, details of Iran's utilization of the sanctions-waived funds remain largely unclear.
During a December 2023 hearing of the House Financial Services Committee, Elizabeth Rosenberg, the assistant secretary of the US Treasury Department, acknowledged the existence of "two transactions” by Iran.
She added that she would only provide additional detail about those transactions in a classified setting.
If the administration’s plan was to keep the region – and Iran – quiet until after the 2024 US election – the recent developments have proven that plan to have backfired.
Middle East Unrest Intensifies After Waiver Decision
Since the US extended the sanctions waiver four months ago, the situation in the Middle East has deteriorated further, amplifying an already tense crisis.
In January, an Iran-backed militia's drone attack in Jordan claimed the lives of three US service members, marking the first American military fatalities from hostile fire amid escalating tensions from Israel's conflict with Hamas.
Increased attacks on vessels in the Red Sea by Iran-backed Houthi rebels have intensified criticism of the administration's handling of Iran. Last week, CENTCOM Commander Gen. Erik Kurilla told the Senate Armed Services Committee that Iran remains undeterred in its support for Hamas, Hezbollah and the Houthis – and is not paying a price for its nefarious activities in the region.
“In light of these things, it is shocking that the US would then permit tyrants and extremists in Tehran access to billions of dollars which will undoubtedly be used to wreak havoc on America and its allies - including Israel,” Dr. Casey Babb, International Fellow with the Institute for National Security Studies in Tel Aviv, told Iran International.
The international security and affairs expert maintains that Iran is to blame for much of the region’s turmoil – and the Biden administration, along with most Western governments “don't seem to have any idea what they're doing…the lack of foresight and strategic decision-making in the region is astounding, and the potential unfreezing of additional money for Iran speaks to this”.
