Iranian Commentator Warns Of Renewed Hijab Unrest On Eve Of New Bill
A political commentor in Iran has warned of heightened social tensions on the eve of the Iranian parliament's next review of a new and more hardline hijab law.
A political commentor in Iran has warned of heightened social tensions on the eve of the Iranian parliament's next review of a new and more hardline hijab law.
Ahmad Zeidabadi said, "This year is full of challenges... From fundamental and vital issues such as water scarcity, land subsidence, and environmental degradation, to economic issues, wage levels, continued recession and inflation, and social issues such as polarization over mandatory hijab and its potential for social tensions."
His warnings come amid heated debates over a proposed bill aimed at even stricter enforcement of compulsory hijab laws. Public outrage ignited since the death in morality-police custody of Mahsa Amini in 2022, has intensified opposition to the mandatory Islamic dress code. It has seen the biggest uprising since the founding of the Islamic Republic, branded the Women, Life, Freedom movement.
In response to mounting public resistance, the clerical regime has resorted to various measures to enforce hijab laws, ranging from public humiliation tactics to the use of traffic cameras for identification.
If passed, various penalties of the "Protection of Family Through Promotion of Hijab and Chastity Culture" bill include heavy cash fines for women who do not abide by the prescribed dress code consisting of a headscarf covering all hair and the shoulders, a loose long tunic with long sleeves, and trousers that cover the legs to below the ankles.
However, Zeidabadi reiterated warning by many others, including some clerics, that such heavy-handed approaches risk further alienating the populace. He emphasized that addressing such issues requires a fundamental shift in political perspectives, both domestically and internationally.
At least 144 people were killed in the attack claimed by Islamic State, which saw gunmen open fire at the Crocus City Hall.
Days before the shootings in the Russian capital, Tehran had allegedly sent warnings to Moscow, through intelligence gleaned from interviews with Islamic State terrorists connected to the deadly twin bombings in Iran in January.
After the terror attacks that killed around 100 in Kerman, Iran claimed to have arrested 35 people, including a commander of Islamic State's Afghanistan-based branch ISIS-Khorasan (ISIS-K), which claimed responsibility for the Iran attacks, the worst since the founding of the Islamic Republic.
Another source told Reuters that Tehran had failed to provide specific intelligence to Moscow such as the location and timing of the attack, though warned that members of ISIS-K had already travelled to Russia, failing to foil the deadly shootings.
However, both Iran and Russia, vehement foes of the US had ignored warnings from Washington of the imminent terror attacks. Moscow was warned three days before the Friday night massacre and Iran more than a week before the Kerman attacks.
Relations between Iran and Russia have deepened since the war in Ukraine, in which Iran has provided drones used in Russia’s offensives. The two sanctioned nations have also become key financial allies as they skirt global crackdowns.
Security and intelligence ties continue to deepen between the two pariah states. In July, Iran and Russia signed a new cooperation agreement to expand bilateral security and law enforcement cooperation, inked between Iran’s police chief, Ahmad Reza Radan, and the head of Russia’s national guard, Viktor Zolotov.
Then in December, Iran's parliament approved a bill aimed at fostering cooperation with Russia in the realm of information security. Comprising nine articles, the bill focuses on combating cyber threats, fortifying information security measures, and fostering collaboration between Iran and Russia. A key clause in the legislation addresses the exchange of information and cooperation in prosecuting criminal offenses between the two nations. Military drills between the two nations and their ally China have also been happening with increasing frequency.
The attack was a huge blow to the Kremlin, known for its high-level network of intelligence at home and abroad. Both the attacks in Iran’s Kerman and Moscow involved Tajik nationals, ISIS-K having aggressively recruited from the impoverished former Soviet republic of in recent years. While Islamic State has been largely defeated in Iraq and Syria, ISIS-K remains strong, covering Iran, Turkmenistan and Afghanistan.
Reuters also claims that the issue has been discussed between Iran and Tajikistan in a bid to halt the militant activities against Iran’s Shi’ites, hated by Islamic State’s Sunni-following Islamists.
While in 2022 Islamic State claimed responsibility for a deadly attack on a Shi'ite shrine in Iran that killed 13 people, also carried out by a Tajik national, the Moscow attack came as a shock. Islamic State also carried out twin bombings in 2017 that targeted Iran's parliament and the tomb of the Islamic Republic's founder, Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.
Iran's foreign ministry and the Kremlin did not reply to a request for comment on the latest revelations in the Reuters story and Russia has instead continued to blame Ukraine for the attack in spite of the admission by ISIS-K.
Ismail Haniyeh, the head of the Hamas political bureau and Ziyad al-Nakhalah, the Secretary-General of the Islamic Jihad Movement in Palestine, met with the highest ranking officials in Iran, enjoying such pomp and circumstance as is reserved for heads of state.
And they were courteous enough to reciprocate with exclusive praise for the Iranian regime.
“Iran stands at the forefront of supporting the cause and people of Palestine,” Haniyeh said. “I extend special thanks to the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution of Iran, the President of Iran, and the people of Iran.”
Nakhalah went even further. “Active diplomacy by the Islamic Republic of Iran has had a great role in defining the stance of Palestinian resistance,” he was quoted as saying by the Iranian government's official news agency IRNA.
Iran has so far avoided direct conflict with Israel, although it has unleashed it armed proxy forces in the region to attack Israel and international shipping. But it has had a major role in shaping and prolonging the war, not least by providing money and weapons and training to Hamas and Islamic Jihad, whose gains in Palestinian politics invariably means a loss for the Palestinian Authority (PA) and its president, Mahmoud Abbas.
At 88, Abbas is far from an inspiring –or at least, authoritative– leader who would be able unite Palestinian factions. He is old and rather feeble. Allegations of corruption and secret security dealings with Israelis have dented his reputation among ordinary Palestinians, even in the West Bank where his Fatah movement rules.
The regime in Tehran knows this, and does everything it can to tilt the balance of power among Palestinian factions away from the Palestinian Authority and towards Hamas and Islamic Jihad, whom, unlike Fatah, Iran considers friends and allies.
The two Palestinian leaders even had a bilateral meeting in Tehran, of which no meaningful detail has emerged. It is hard to imagine that Haniyeh and al-Nakhalah could not have found other opportunities to coordinate their attacks against Israel. Their meeting in Tehran –choreographed and publicized by the hosts as a major event– may be better understood as a show of stature for the Iranian regime rather than a decisive occasion for the two parties involved.
This may also be true with regards to the timing of the visits. To host the leaders of Hamas and Islamic Jihad in the Muslim holy month of Ramadan, just before the Iran-initiated International Quds Day, seems like yet another effort by the Iranian regime to underline its position as the one pulling the strings.
Quds Day, coined by the founder of the Islamic Republic, Ruhollah Khomeini, in 1979, is the last Friday of Ramadan. Muslims of the world are invited to come together on that day in solidarity with Palestinians and in protests against Israel, holding rallies and marching after the Muslim Friday prayer in cities worldwide.
It is by definition an occasion to remember the Palestinian ‘cause’. But this year, it seems to be about showcasing Iran's Islamic regime's leadership and righteousness for 45 years, but at least as much as it is about supporting the Palestinian people.
But the visits came also at a time when Israel is threatening to go all the way in its attack on Hamas in Gaza. A full defeat for the Islamist group would be a great setback for Iran that has invested more than two decades of support to make life harder for Israel.
“The Islamic Republic of Iran will not hesitate in supporting the cause of Palestine and the oppressed and resilient people of Gaza," Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei said during his meeting with Haniyeh last week.
What he did not say was that the “cause of Palestine” is yet another means, albeit a potent one, towards the ultimate cause: advancing the interests of Iran’s ruling regime to the detriment of ordinary men, women and children in Iran and beyond.
The first notable incident occurred on July 22, 1980, with the assassination of Ali Akbar Tabataba’i, the press attaché of the Iranian embassy in Washington DC during the Pahlavi government.
Prior to the establishment of the Islamic regime in February 1979, Islamist terror targeted Iranian officials and Western citizens in Iran, resulting in the deaths of two prime ministers and historian Ahmad Kasravi. Following the establishment of the Islamic Republic, the pattern continued domestically to eliminate rivals and opponents, eventually extending to international operations.
Rather than treating these attacks as assaults on human rights and the rule of law, foreign governments, particularly Western ones, often viewed them as diplomatic tensions or standard law enforcement matters. This response, characterized by media coverage and condemnations, has inadvertently perpetuated acts of terror.
The same pattern unfolded in Zeraati's case: following media and professional associations' reactions, several lawmakers in Britain and other Western nations condemned the attack, while former officials pointed fingers at the government sponsoring terror. However, current officials opted to stay silent. While civil organizations also condemned the attack, they lacked the leverage to exert pressure on the government regarding this matter. For dissidents in Iran, particularly journalists, observing this process feels like watching the same movie on repeat.
The Islamic Republic has never faced consequences for its assassinations abroad over the past 45 years. During Hossein Mousavian's tenure as ambassador in Germany, 23 assassinations were orchestrated under his supervision, with the third floor of the Iranian Embassy in Germany serving as the main operational hub. Despite this, Mousavian was later recruited by Princeton University, effectively rewarding a perpetrator of such crimes. Furthermore, even when perpetrators have been apprehended, tried, and convicted, the Islamic Republic has often released them through hostage swaps, symbolically welcoming them with wreaths upon their return to Tehran airports.
The Iranian authorities have not only failed to learn from cases like the Mykonos restaurant group assassination in Germany, where regime leaders were convicted, but they have also openly defended such actions. In a 1992 report by Reuters, it was revealed that Hossein Mousavian implicitly supported Khomeini's fatwa to kill Salman Rushdie, and in a radio interview, he advocated for issuing a fatwa to execute individuals for apostasy. Additionally, Mousavian criticized Germany for jeopardizing business interests with Iran by calling for the withdrawal of the fatwa.
According to a report by the US State Department, since the establishment of the Islamic Republic in 1979, “Iran’s global campaign of terror has included as many as 360 targeted assassinations in other countries and mass bombing attacks that killed and maimed hundreds.” “The Iranian regime has been implicated in assassinations, terrorist plots, and terrorist attacks in more than 40 countries,” the report says. Senior Iranian officials have not been shy of these actions and “declared that Iran follows and constantly surveils Iranian dissidents in other countries to crack down on them and strike decisive blows.”
In the last 45 years, Iranian state agents have kidnapped, forcibly disappeared, and killed a significant number of individuals whose activities they deemed undesirable outside of the country. The actual number of victims of extra-territorial extrajudicial executions by the government of Iran is not known. Nonetheless, the Abdorrahman Boroumand Center for Human Rights in Iran has so far identified over 500, suggesting a much higher figure for instances in Iran. The perpetrators of these crimes have continued to repeat their crimes due to immunity. There is a “special department” in Iran’s Ministry of Intelligence to guide and carry out this operation.
A Written Testimony by Michael J. Abramowitz, President of the Freedom House to the U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing states that IRI is among the top ten countries responsible for 80 percent of the transnational repression cases.
Assassinations abroad began with the targeting of officials from the Pahlavi era. Over time, they expanded to include opponents of the Islamist regime from various backgrounds, including singers and human rights activists. In recent years, with the rise of Persian-language media abroad, these assassinations have extended to network managers and journalists. Examples include Saeed Karimian, director of Gem Network in 2017, and Masoud Mowlavi, a Telegram channel administrator in 2019, both in Turkey, as well as Ruhollah Zam in 2020 and Pouria Zeraati in 2024.
