In response to continuing threats from Iran and its proxies against Israel, the United States has bolstered its military presence in the Middle East to deter potential aggression, the Pentagon said on Thursday.
Sarraf’s nomination is particularly significant given the recent history of Iran’s universities as hotbeds of political dissent. The Woman, Life, Freedom uprising, sparked by the death of Mahsa Amini in 2022, reignited a wave of student activism that shook the foundations of the Islamic Republic.
Protests erupted across more than 130 universities, with students and professors standing in solidarity against the government. These acts of defiance were met with crackdowns, including arrests, judicial rulings, and the mass dismissal of dissenting faculty members.
Given this backdrop, the choice of Sarraf—a figure with years of clerical training and deep ties to Iran’s conservative establishment and a history of involvement in the system’s ideological purification of universities—sends a clear message: the Islamic Republic is doubling down on its efforts to stifle academic freedom and silence opposition.
Simayi Sarraf’s background is a testament to his alignment with the system’s hardline ideology. Born in Mashhad, he was groomed from a young age to follow in the footsteps of the clerical rulers.
His father’s close ties to Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei and his own military involvement in the Iran-Iraq war set the stage for his rise within the government. After two decades of seminary education, Sarraf transitioned into the academic sphere, where he pursued studies in Islamic jurisprudence and law. His work, steeped in conservative Shia thought, has produced over 50 publications advocating for the integration of Islamic principles into Iran’s legal system.
His tenure in various governmental roles, including his time as Director General of the Legal Office of the Ministry of Science and as Deputy for Legal and Parliamentary Affairs, has been marked by his efforts to align the country’s academic institutions with the system’s ideology.
During Rouhani’s administration, he played a key role in the purge of universities, targeting faculty members who dared to challenge the status quo.
The appointment of such a figure to the ministry of science is an indication that the system intends to continue its assault on academic freedom. The ministry, under Simayi Sarraf’s leadership, is likely to intensify efforts to Islamize universities further, pushing out any remaining voices of dissent and reinforcing the control over Iran’s educational institutions.
The revelation comes after the early exit of Mohammad Javad Zarif, a key figure in Pezeshkian’s circle, an event that continues to make waves. Scrutiny has intensified over the cabinet nominees in which candidates, some holdovers from Ebrahim Raisi’s administration and others relatively obscure figures, seem unlikely to bring the meaningful change that Iran’s sectors, particularly its universities.
Instead, the list of nominees reflects a continuation of the status quo rather than the progressive change that many had anticipated.
It is particularly alarming in light of the recent purges that began under President Ebrahim Raisi’s administration. Following the widespread protests that erupted after Mahsa Amini’s death, the government launched an aggressive campaign to root out opposition within universities.
Observers believe that the appointment of Simayi Sarraf signals a renewed commitment to silencing dissent and erasing any remnants of academic freedom in Iran and that its academic purges are far from over.
Mohammad Moghimi, President of the University of Tehran, announced Thursday that these students do not receive military training at the university and instead study management though it is widely known that Iraqi militias are trained in Iran.
The Hashd al-Shaabi, or Popular Mobilization Forces (PMF), was established in 2014 following a religious decree to combat ISIS, which at the time had taken control of four Iraqi governorates and threatened Baghdad.
While the Iraqi state-sponsored umbrella organization is largely composed of Shia Muslim groups, it also includes Sunni Muslim, Christian, and Yazidi factions with an estimated 128,000 fighters across 67 different armed factions.
The University of Tehran's decision to welcome the militia members without standard academic requirements signals a concerning trend. Official reports last year highlighted a "cooperation and agreement" between the Hashd al-Shaabi and the University of Tehran to facilitate the education of these fighters.
Moghimi disclosed in his Thursday interview with the IRNA news agency that Iraqi officials have expressed dissatisfaction with the "insufficient quality" and low standards of some Iranian universities educating PMF students. To address the concerns, Iraqi authorities have requested the University of Tehran step in and help "repair this reputational damage."
He said the influx of the Hashd al-Shaabi members into Iranian universities, particularly the University of Tehran where admission for Iraqis has doubled, is part of a broader plan.
These students, according to Moghimi, many of whom are relatives of active, deceased, or wounded militia from the so-called "resistance front," are being groomed with the help of substantial Iraqi government funding to assume leadership roles back home.
Moghimi paints a rosy picture of the Hashd al-Shaabi members, describing them as deserving individuals committed to "advancing Islamic ideals."
Moghimi claims that there are also economic benefits behind admitting the Hashd al-Shaabi members, stating that they pay almost 1,200 euros per semester for undergraduate studies, compared to 80 to 90 million rials (130-150 $) for Iranian students.
In late July of last year, a group of student activists at the University of Tehran issued a statement condemning the presence of the Hashd al-Shaabi forces and similar individuals at Iranian universities as a "military invasion of the university."
They vowed to resist such admissions, emphasizing that the university has already been emptied of genuine students through "dismissals, suspensions, and repression," and turned into a stronghold for "so-called affiliated professors and Basij militia members."
Last year, Moghimi dismissed protests against the admission of the Hashd al-Shaabi members as "the anger of traitors." Now, he tries to justify these admissions by pointing out that "the education of individuals, managers, and regional officials" has always been a practice at the university, citing Nechirvan Barzani, the Prime Minister of the Kurdistan Region and an alumnus of the University of Tehran, as an example.
“We are moving additional capabilities in the region so that regional tensions can calm. We are bolstering our security presence should we need to defend Israel if Iran were to attack,” Deputy Pentagon Press Secretary Sabrina Singh told Iran International reporter Aref Yaghoubi on Thursday during a press briefing.
Since the killing of Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran on July 31, the Islamic government has been threatening a harsh punishment against Israel, which it says was responsible for the explosion that killed the Hamas leader.
When asked about the Pentagon’s strategies to counter potential threats from Iran’s proxies in Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, and Yemen if they were to coordinate an attack with Iran against Israel, Singh stressed that the US is committed to defending its interests and allies, including Israel.
“If there were to be an attack on our forces whether it be in Iraq or Syria. We aways reserve that right to respond at a time and place of our choosing.”
Singh reiterated the Pentagon’s warning to Tehran, stating, “We’ve been very clear with Iran directly, publicly, and privately that we don’t want to see this broaden out into a regional war.”
Singh declined to comment on recent remarks by Iran’s Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, who had warned against Iran showing weakness in response to the killing of Ismail Haniyeh in Tehran. However, she emphasized that the US stands ready to defend Israel. “We are bolstering our security presence to ensure Israel’s protection if Iran were to attack. We don’t want to see that happen.”
Khamenei on Wednesday said that any non-tactical retreat—be it military, political, or economic—invites "divine wrath," as per the Holy Quran.
The Pentagon also addressed concerns about Iran's potential coordination with regional proxies and allies, including Russia. Singh acknowledged the deepening military cooperation between Moscow and Tehran, which has been a key supplier of weapons for Russia’s war in Ukraine.
“We’ve seen a deepening co-operation between Iran and Russia as Russia continues to engage in its unlawful war in Ukraine. We’ve seen Russia continue to seek weapons out from Iran”
While Singh did not comment on specific developments, she highlighted that any threat against Israel would be met with a robust US response.
The spokesperson dismissed doubts about the effectiveness of the US deterrence, citing the success of previous defensive operations during Iran’s April 13 missile and drone attack on Israel. “We demonstrated our airpower… Over 90% of what was shot toward Israel was taken down by either our forces, partner forces, or Israeli forces. If I were Iran, I would be thinking about that.”
As tensions mount, the US has been calling for restraint and de-escalation as it vows to support Israel against an attack. “If Israel were attacked, we would absolutely come to Israel’s defense,” Singh stated.
