Hassan Rouhani, the former President of Iran, has voiced criticism against the reinstatement of morality police and the implementation of the Noor plan by law enforcement authorities as hijab crackdowns deepen.
In a meeting with officials from his administration this week, Rouhani questioned, "Is this really how the police are supposed to enforce moral codes, have they been trained for it?"
Since April 13, the initiation of Noor plan has led to numerous reported incidents of violent interactions between law enforcement and plainclothes officers with women opposing the mandatory hijab. The actions are justified by the Islamic Republic as "enjoining good and forbidding wrong," and compliance with the "hijab law."
During his talk, Rouhani emphasized the importance of maintaining "people's dignity and respect," and reflected on the Islamic Revolution, questioning whether force was used to make people wear hijabs. He asserted that many women chose to wear hijabs voluntarily after the revolution.
The severity of the police's approach has sparked dissent even among some supporters of the Islamic Republic.
On Saturday, 61 attorneys issued a statement criticizing illegal elements of the Noor plan declaring that the government has no right to impose its own dress code and ideology on women and society.
Female reformist activists inside Iran also condemned the "insulting behavior" of law enforcement towards women who oppose the mandatory hijab, warning that women will not cease to fight the oppressive measures.
After his visit to China in January, Mayor Alireza Zakani told the City Council that he had signed several agreements including a deal worth 1.67 billion euros in the field of transportation. Various officials have named electric buses, vans, taxis, subway cars, and traffic cameras as part of the products to be supplied to the municipality.
Councilors who approved of a two-billion- euro budget for improvement of transportation in the capital after the conclusion of the contract on March 4 say they have yet to be informed of the details of the agreements signed by the mayor.
Tehran city government does not have access to such a large amount of hard currency which only the state can provide. The involvement of the oil ministry in the approval process of the deal suggests that the cost will be paid from funds accrued in China from Iranian oil imports. It is highly likely that permission for the whole project was granted by the office of Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, if up to 2 billion euros is to be spent.
According to an editorial in Tehran Municipality’s Hamshahri newspaper on Monday, President Ebrahim Raisi, the ministries of industries, foreign affairs, interior, and oil, as well as the Central Bank of Iran, had knowledge of the details of the contract. This means a regime-wide decision-making process, suggesting oil money in China is involved.
China is Iran’s main oil buyer, defying US sanctions on Tehran, importing around one million barrels a day.
Hamshahri also admitted that the Chinese side had insisted on keeping the details of the contract secret due to US oil export and banking sanctions. Hamshahri’s editorial suggested that the Chinese side may decide to cancel the agreement.
Lack of transparency regarding the contract also raises questions about possible hidden dimensions of the agreements as it is not clear in what exact purposes the contractor has committed to procure equipment or deliver finished projects. This opens the door to the possibility that equipment and services with dual applications could be included in the contract.
Several Tehran City Council members walked out in protest and obstructed the council’s meeting on Sunday after Zakani evaded giving them clear answers regarding the details of the contract.
The meeting was held a few days after whistle-blower journalist Yashar Soltani published the signature page of the contract on his website.
Zakani claimed at the Sunday meeting that relevant authorities including the ministry of industry and the central bank were informed of the specifics of the agreement. Responding to council members’ criticism of the secrecy surrounding the contract, Zakani claimed that the details of the contract had been provided to two members, Jafar Tashakori-Hasemi, who refuted Zakani’s claim and walked out of the session, and Narjes Soleimani who said she was not convinced by Zakani’s responses.
Critics say the Chinese company, specializing in road projects, is ill-equipped for such a massive commission in the completely unrelated field of transportation technology. They are also concerned about secret conclusion of other contracts with China and possibility of corruption.
“We specifically demand transparency regarding the contract with China…It must be explained how many trips were made [by municipality officials] to China and how many officials went there, what issues were negotiated and what was the outcome of these trips, Councilor Mehdi Eghrarian told Entekhab news website Monday.
“One of my questions at the meeting [Sunday] was if the contract involved the purchase of other equipment. Mr Zakani says it did. So, the question remains, who coordinated [or approved] these purchases?” he said.
“We have a simple demand: Transparency of the Chinese contract. Why are you not making the contract transparent to us if you are not worried [of its consequences]?” the councilor said while calling on the media to help make the issues related to the administration of the capital clear and transparent.
As seen from the single-page document published by Soltani, the contract was concluded on January 30, 2024 with Poly Changda Overseas Engineering (PLCD), a company that specializes in construction of highways, bridges, and tunnels according to Bloomberg UK.
The same document shows that the contract was underwritten by Iran's Bank Shahr, which is affiliated to the municipality. Shahr Bank was sanctioned by the US treasury in October 2020.
Critics say Zakani signed the contract without due processes such as tender announcements and prior approval of the city council. The mayor and other municipality officials claim this was meant to expedite the supply of the much-needed equipment to transform the capital’s transportation system to an electric one.
The mayor of Tehran is a hardliner politician who began his political career during his student days at Tehran University after the Iran-Iraq War (1980-1988) in which he participated as a volunteer. He consequently became the head of the Student Basij Organization of the Revolutionary Guards (IRGC) and was personally involved in the bloody crackdown on students on Tehran University’s campus in 1999 alongside security forces.
Zakani specializes in nuclear medicine and university professor. He was elected to the parliament three times and in 2013 stood for presidency for the first time. He ran against Ebrahim Raisi in 2021. Tehran City Council which is under the full control of hardliners appointed him as mayor of Tehran soon after the elections.
